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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe vision loss in adults over 50 in the developed world. It affects the macula — the small central part of the retina responsible for the sharp, detailed vision we use for reading, recognising faces, and driving. Understanding AMD and detecting it early can make a profound difference to your quality of life.
What Happens to the Eye in AMD?
The macula contains the highest concentration of photoreceptors in the retina. In AMD, this tissue gradually breaks down, leading to distortion and loss of central vision. Peripheral (side) vision is generally preserved, but the loss of central vision makes many everyday tasks difficult or impossible.
Dry vs. Wet AMD
- Dry AMD (atrophic): The more common form, accounting for about 80–90% of cases. It progresses slowly as the macular tissue thins and small yellow deposits called drusen accumulate beneath the retina. Vision loss is gradual.
- Wet AMD (neovascular): Less common but more severe. Abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina and leak fluid or blood, causing rapid and significant vision loss. Wet AMD requires prompt treatment.
Risk Factors
- Age (risk increases significantly after 50)
- Family history of AMD
- Smoking — the single most significant modifiable risk factor
- Prolonged UV exposure without eye protection
- High blood pressure and cardiovascular disease
- A diet low in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids
Early Detection Is Critical
AMD often develops without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. A simple Amsler grid test (a grid of straight lines) can reveal early distortion in central vision. At Dr. Mickey's, we use advanced retinal imaging to detect structural changes in the macula before symptoms appear.
What Can Be Done?
There is currently no cure for AMD, but its progression can be slowed. For dry AMD, specific nutritional supplements (the AREDS2 formula) have been shown to reduce the risk of progression in intermediate and advanced cases. For wet AMD, anti-VEGF injections into the eye can halt or even reverse some vision loss if started promptly.
Lifestyle changes — stopping smoking, protecting your eyes from UV, eating a diet rich in leafy green vegetables — are among the most powerful steps you can take. Book your AMD screening at Dr. Mickey's Eye Care Centre.
